These are just rodent trials, no humans yet, but the implications are fascinating for everyone from athletes to the aging to those with back injuries.
The first trial turned out to have a hitch; it only worked if the mice exercised too. But the second batch worked whether or not it was combined with activity (Ronald Evans, one of the study principals at Salk, told Neil Conan on TOTN that a big part of the goal was to spare the bed-ridden from muscle wasting).
If this works out in humans too, the primary beneficiaries are expected to be people with back pain and spinal problems, the infirm and bed-ridden, and perhaps kids with muscular dystrophy. It could, in theory, also jump start things for the obese who struggle to muster much physical energy. But Evans also agreed with Neil C. that the net net in humans might have some unintended consequence, such as in doping for the Olympics.
They have thought of that aspect as well, Evans said. There is already a blood and urine test for this metabolite and they have given the recipe to the IOC so that if some human athletes ever put it to devious use, the Olympic Committee can catch it.
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